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AI Work Index

High Risk, Few Exit Paths

Mobility research finds that displacement pressure only becomes hardship when workers lack credible adjacent moves (del Rio-Chanona et al. 2021; IMF 2024). Of 426 occupations above the displacement threshold, these 107 have the weakest exit options: their best exposure-reducing transition falls in the bottom quarter of exit scores within the high-risk cohort (≤65% match). For high-exposure occupations with strong escape routes, see Best Transitions.

100/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Material planning clerk

moderate · 65% match

Production planning clerk

moderate · 64% match

Travel consultant/Reservation executive

moderate · 63% match

96/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Cybersecurity architect

moderate · 65% match

Landscape architect

moderate · 64% match

Service designer

moderate · 61% match

93/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Risk management manager

moderate · 63% match

Strategic planning manager

moderate · 63% match

Research and development manager

moderate · 63% match

93/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Risk management manager

moderate · 63% match

Strategic planning manager

moderate · 63% match

Research and development manager

moderate · 63% match

93/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Risk management manager

moderate · 63% match

Strategic planning manager

moderate · 63% match

Research and development manager

moderate · 63% match

93/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Risk management manager

moderate · 63% match

Strategic planning manager

moderate · 63% match

Research and development manager

moderate · 63% match

88/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Sales demonstrator

moderate · 64% match

Sales supervisor

moderate · 58% match

Food and beverage operations manager

moderate · 58% match

87/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Flying instructor (except air force)

moderate · 63% match

Personnel/Human resource manager

moderate · 60% match

Health services manager

moderate · 56% match

87/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Flying instructor (except air force)

moderate · 63% match

Personnel/Human resource manager

moderate · 61% match

Sports centre manager

moderate · 60% match

86/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Landscape architect

moderate · 64% match

Service designer

moderate · 62% match

Building architect

moderate · 60% match

ICT auditor SSOC 25152
86/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Financial risk manager

moderate · 63% match

Quality control/assurance manager

moderate · 61% match

Insurance services manager

moderate · 60% match

86/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Quality control/assurance manager

moderate · 65% match

Financial risk manager

moderate · 63% match

Insurance services manager

moderate · 62% match

85/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Foreign exchange dealer

moderate · 65% match

Business valuer

moderate · 63% match

Management consultant

moderate · 60% match

Pawnbroker SSOC 42131
83/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Bill collector

moderate · 64% match

Travel consultant/Reservation executive

moderate · 63% match

Material planning clerk

moderate · 63% match

Audit manager SSOC 12113
82/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Quality control/assurance manager

moderate · 62% match

Financial risk manager

moderate · 62% match

Insurance services manager

moderate · 61% match

82/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Quality control/assurance manager

moderate · 64% match

Financial risk manager

moderate · 62% match

Insurance services manager

moderate · 61% match

82/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Research and development manager

moderate · 62% match

Risk management manager

moderate · 60% match

Strategic planning manager

moderate · 60% match

82/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Research and development manager

moderate · 62% match

Risk management manager

moderate · 60% match

Strategic planning manager

moderate · 60% match

82/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Research and development manager

moderate · 62% match

Risk management manager

moderate · 60% match

Strategic planning manager

moderate · 60% match

82/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Research and development manager

moderate · 62% match

Production manager in agriculture and fisheries

moderate · 60% match

Risk management manager

moderate · 60% match

81/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Sonographer

moderate · 62% match

Enrolled/Assistant nurse (excluding registered nurse)

moderate · 61% match

Environmental inspector (environmental public health)

moderate · 58% match

80/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Sports coach

moderate · 63% match

Marine superintendent

moderate · 63% match

Commercial airline pilot

moderate · 62% match

80/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Sports coach

moderate · 64% match

Marine superintendent

moderate · 63% match

Commercial airline pilot

moderate · 62% match

78/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Salesperson (door-to-door)

moderate · 64% match

Child/After school care centre worker

moderate · 62% match

Rail station service assistant

moderate · 62% match

77/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Financial/Investment adviser (e.g. relationship manager)

moderate · 63% match

Quality control/assurance manager

moderate · 62% match

Financial risk manager

moderate · 60% match

77/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Business valuer

moderate · 64% match

Research and development manager

moderate · 60% match

Risk management manager

moderate · 58% match

77/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Business valuer

moderate · 63% match

Research and development manager

moderate · 60% match

Risk management manager

moderate · 58% match

Bill collector SSOC 42141
77/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Travel consultant/Reservation executive

moderate · 64% match

Money changer

moderate · 63% match

Bank teller

moderate · 62% match

Business valuer SSOC 24122
76/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Research and development manager

moderate · 60% match

Risk management manager

moderate · 58% match

Strategic planning manager

moderate · 58% match

76/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Quality control/assurance manager

moderate · 62% match

Financial risk manager

moderate · 60% match

Insurance services manager

moderate · 59% match

76/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Material planning clerk

moderate · 57% match

Stock records clerk

moderate · 56% match

Library clerk

moderate · 54% match

75/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Stock records clerk

moderate · 62% match

Material planning clerk

moderate · 60% match

Storekeeper

moderate · 59% match

Legal clerk SSOC 44170
74/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Sonographer

moderate · 62% match

Enrolled/Assistant nurse (excluding registered nurse)

moderate · 61% match

Medical X-ray technician

moderate · 58% match

Cloud specialist SSOC 25231
73/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Chief information officer/Chief technology officer/Chief security officer

moderate · 62% match

Commercial airline pilot

moderate · 62% match

Software and applications manager

moderate · 62% match

73/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Chief information officer/Chief technology officer/Chief security officer

moderate · 62% match

Commercial airline pilot

moderate · 62% match

Software and applications manager

moderate · 62% match

70/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Flying instructor (except air force)

moderate · 63% match

Risk management manager

moderate · 56% match

Strategic planning manager

moderate · 56% match

69/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Quality control/assurance manager

moderate · 61% match

Quality assurance technician

moderate · 52% match

Insurance investigator

moderate · 51% match

69/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Quality control/assurance manager

moderate · 64% match

Quality assurance technician

moderate · 53% match

Insurance investigator

moderate · 53% match

69/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Urologist

moderate · 51% match

General practitioner/physician

moderate · 50% match

Veterinarian

stretch · 50% match

67/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Slimming consultant

moderate · 65% match

Wellness centre manager (e.g. hair/beauty/slimming/spa/manicure/massage)

moderate · 65% match

Attractions manager

moderate · 64% match

Bank teller SSOC 42111
67/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Travel consultant/Reservation executive

moderate · 64% match

Stock records clerk

moderate · 62% match

Material planning clerk

moderate · 61% match

Money changer SSOC 42113
67/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Travel consultant/Reservation executive

moderate · 65% match

Stock records clerk

moderate · 63% match

Material planning clerk

moderate · 61% match

63/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Strategic planning manager

moderate · 64% match

Research and development manager

moderate · 64% match

Risk management manager

moderate · 63% match

63/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Strategic planning manager

moderate · 64% match

Research and development manager

moderate · 64% match

Risk management manager

moderate · 63% match

61/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Industrial and organisational psychologist

moderate · 59% match

Minister of religion

moderate · 59% match

Medical social worker

moderate · 57% match

61/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Industrial and organisational psychologist

moderate · 65% match

Minister of religion

moderate · 65% match

Medical social worker

moderate · 62% match

Library clerk SSOC 44110
61/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Stock records clerk

moderate · 62% match

Storekeeper

moderate · 60% match

Material planning clerk

moderate · 56% match

59/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Quality assurance technician

moderate · 51% match

Insurance investigator

moderate · 51% match

Urologist

moderate · 51% match

58/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Flying instructor (except air force)

moderate · 57% match

Commercial airline pilot

moderate · 55% match

Insurance investigator

moderate · 55% match

57/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Stock records clerk

moderate · 60% match

Material planning clerk

moderate · 58% match

Storekeeper

moderate · 57% match

Photographer SSOC 34310
53/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Sports coach

moderate · 64% match

Visual merchandiser

moderate · 63% match

Marine surveyor (ship and nautical)

moderate · 63% match

51/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Stock records clerk

moderate · 64% match

Storekeeper

moderate · 62% match

50/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Landscape architect

moderate · 62% match

Flying instructor (except air force)

moderate · 52% match

Commercial airline pilot

stretch · 50% match

49/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Commercial airline pilot

moderate · 52% match

Marine superintendent

stretch · 45% match

Chief engineer/Second engineer (ship)

stretch · 41% match

49/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Commercial airline pilot

moderate · 54% match

Marine superintendent

moderate · 50% match

Chief engineer/Second engineer (ship)

stretch · 46% match

49/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Commercial airline pilot

moderate · 54% match

Marine superintendent

stretch · 49% match

Chief engineer/Second engineer (ship)

stretch · 45% match

49/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Commercial airline pilot

moderate · 54% match

Marine superintendent

stretch · 49% match

Chief engineer/Second engineer (ship)

stretch · 44% match

49/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Landscape architect

moderate · 53% match

Medical social worker

stretch · 44% match

Sports coach

stretch · 44% match

49/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Sports coach

moderate · 64% match

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 63% match

Marine surveyor (ship and nautical)

moderate · 62% match

48/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Flying instructor (except air force)

moderate · 54% match

Commercial airline pilot

moderate · 52% match

Marine superintendent

stretch · 49% match

48/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 64% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 63% match

Marine surveyor (ship and nautical)

moderate · 62% match

48/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Marine surveyor (ship and nautical)

moderate · 61% match

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 61% match

Harbour pilot

moderate · 60% match

School principal SSOC 13451
46/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Flying instructor (except air force)

moderate · 64% match

Pre-school education manager

moderate · 62% match

Aged care services manager

moderate · 61% match

46/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Medical social worker

moderate · 59% match

Social worker (general)

moderate · 57% match

46/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Production manager in agriculture and fisheries

moderate · 51% match

Warehouse worker

stretch · 48% match

Research and development manager

stretch · 48% match

Policy manager SSOC 12131
45/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Research and development manager

moderate · 65% match

Production manager in agriculture and fisheries

stretch · 47% match

Warehouse worker

stretch · 43% match

45/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Research and development manager

moderate · 64% match

Production manager in agriculture and fisheries

stretch · 47% match

Warehouse worker

stretch · 43% match

Catering manager SSOC 14122
43/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Slimming consultant

moderate · 63% match

Senior security supervisor

moderate · 62% match

Salesperson (door-to-door)

moderate · 62% match

43/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Warehouse worker

moderate · 62% match

Production manager in agriculture and fisheries

moderate · 57% match

Sales demonstrator

stretch · 45% match

43/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Slimming consultant

moderate · 65% match

Senior security supervisor

moderate · 64% match

Salesperson (door-to-door)

moderate · 64% match

41/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Sports centre manager

moderate · 63% match

Slimming consultant

moderate · 62% match

Beautician

moderate · 60% match

41/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Sports centre manager

moderate · 64% match

Slimming consultant

moderate · 63% match

Beautician

moderate · 61% match

40/100 score

No exposure-reducing transition paths found.

40/100 score

No exposure-reducing transition paths found.

39/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 62% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 61% match

Marine surveyor (ship and nautical)

moderate · 59% match

Chief steward SSOC 51111
37/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Rail station service assistant

moderate · 64% match

Slimming consultant

moderate · 63% match

Bartender/Mixologist

moderate · 62% match

37/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Quality assurance technician

stretch · 48% match

Enrolled/Assistant nurse (excluding registered nurse)

stretch · 48% match

Senior security supervisor

stretch · 48% match

36/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Production manager in agriculture and fisheries

stretch · 45% match

Warehouse worker

stretch · 40% match

Sales demonstrator

stretch · 33% match

36/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Enrolled/Assistant nurse (excluding registered nurse)

moderate · 64% match

Sonographer

moderate · 63% match

Massage therapist

moderate · 61% match

35/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

General dental practitioner

moderate · 65% match

Urologist

moderate · 63% match

General practitioner/physician

moderate · 63% match

35/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

General dental practitioner

moderate · 65% match

Urologist

moderate · 63% match

General practitioner/physician

moderate · 63% match

34/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Sports coach

moderate · 62% match

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 57% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 57% match

34/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Sports coach

moderate · 62% match

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 57% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 57% match

34/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Sports coach

moderate · 62% match

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 57% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 57% match

32/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Pre-school education manager

moderate · 64% match

Flying instructor (except air force)

moderate · 57% match

Driving instructor/tester

moderate · 54% match

32/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Flying instructor (except air force)

moderate · 63% match

Driving instructor/tester

moderate · 60% match

Pre-primary education teacher

moderate · 57% match

32/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Flying instructor (except air force)

moderate · 63% match

Driving instructor/tester

moderate · 63% match

Pre-primary education teacher

moderate · 58% match

Sports coach SSOC 34221
32/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 54% match

Marine surveyor (ship and nautical)

moderate · 54% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 53% match

Teacher aide SSOC 53120
32/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Flying instructor (except air force)

moderate · 63% match

Driving instructor/tester

moderate · 63% match

Child/After school care centre worker

moderate · 58% match

31/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Child/After school care centre worker

moderate · 65% match

Slimming consultant

moderate · 64% match

Beautician

moderate · 64% match

30/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Flying instructor (except air force)

moderate · 57% match

Driving instructor/tester

moderate · 55% match

Keeper/Trainer in zoological, bird and aquatic parks

moderate · 52% match

30/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Urologist

moderate · 65% match

General practitioner/physician

moderate · 64% match

General dental practitioner

moderate · 64% match

Veterinarian SSOC 22500
30/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Urologist

moderate · 62% match

General practitioner/physician

moderate · 60% match

Cardiothoracic surgeon

moderate · 59% match

27/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Excavating/Trench digging machine operator

moderate · 64% match

Underwater diver

moderate · 63% match

Building caretaker/Watchman

moderate · 63% match

27/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Excavating/Trench digging machine operator

moderate · 58% match

Building caretaker/Watchman

moderate · 58% match

Office, commercial and industrial establishments multi-skilled cleaner cum machine operator

moderate · 57% match

27/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Excavating/Trench digging machine operator

moderate · 62% match

Watch and clock assembler/repairer

moderate · 62% match

Crane/Hoist operator (excluding port)

moderate · 61% match

27/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Excavating/Trench digging machine operator

moderate · 60% match

Building caretaker/Watchman

moderate · 59% match

Crane/Hoist operator (excluding port)

moderate · 59% match

26/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Slimming consultant

moderate · 57% match

Undertaker

moderate · 55% match

Beautician

moderate · 55% match

26/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 63% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 61% match

Harbour pilot

moderate · 60% match

26/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 64% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 63% match

Harbour pilot

moderate · 60% match

26/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 61% match

Harbour pilot

moderate · 60% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 60% match

26/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 64% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 63% match

Harbour pilot

moderate · 60% match

25/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 63% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 63% match

Harbour pilot

moderate · 59% match

25/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 63% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 63% match

Harbour pilot

moderate · 59% match

25/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 62% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 61% match

Harbour pilot

moderate · 59% match

25/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Marine engineering officer (including third, fourth and fifth engineer)

moderate · 63% match

Fire and safety inspector

moderate · 61% match

Harbour pilot

moderate · 59% match

25/100 score

Best exposure-reducing options:

Enrolled/Assistant nurse (excluding registered nurse)

moderate · 50% match

Sonographer

stretch · 48% match

Medical X-ray technician

stretch · 44% match

Frequently asked questions

Why do exit paths matter alongside an AI Exposure Rank?

Occupations with similar AI Exposure Ranks can have different outcomes because demand, transferable skills, training access and viable destination jobs differ. The transition layer is contextual, not a probability of successful reallocation.

What counts as "few exits"?

An occupation lands here when its single best exposure-reducing transition falls in the weakest quarter of exit scores among all high-exposure occupations. Lateral or higher-risk moves never count as exits, however similar the work. The transition score combines archetype similarity, skill overlap, wage preservation, demand strength, and risk improvement.

More: Highest Risk Augmented Safest High-Paying Transitions All Rankings
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